![]() The data support the view that selection can act before recollection if there is sufficient overlap between retrieval cues and targeted versus competing memory traces. ERPs for unstudied items also were more positive-going when cue overlap was high, suggesting that engagement of retrieval orientations reflected availability of external cues matching the targeted source. Results revealed that regardless of which source was targeted, the left parietal ERP effect indexing recollection was selective when test cues overlapped more with the targeted than non-targeted information, despite consistently better memory for pictures. Retrieval is the process of accessing or recalling information from. ![]() We manipulated cue overlap by probing memory with visual names (Experiment 1) or line drawings (Experiment 2). The term encoding refers to the process of converting information and sensory input into a format that can be stored in memory. Participants viewed object pictures or heard object names, and one of these sources was designated as targets in each memory test. In two preregistered experiments (Ns = 28), we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to quantify selection occurring before retrieval and the goal states - retrieval orientations - thought to achieve this selection. referred to as the encoding-specificity principle (Tulving and Thomson, 1973) or transfer appropriate processing (Craik and Tulving, 1975). We contrasted two candidate mechanisms: the overlap between retrieval cues and stored memory traces, and the ease of recollection. Moreover, context reinstatement positively correlated with univariate activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. People often want to recall events of a particular kind, but this selective remembering is not always possible.
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